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Biology News - Evolution, Cell theory, Gene theory, Microbiology, Biotechnologyнет даты 

Read the latest science news from Phys.org on biology, evolution, microbiology, biotechnology

1. Can frisky flies save human lives? How a bacterial infection encourages promiscuity20:12[-/+]

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When fruit flies are infected with the Wolbachia bacteria, their sex lives—and ability to reproduce—change dramatically. Arizona State University scientist Timothy Karr decided to find out why. What he discovered could help curb mosquito-borne diseases and manage crop pests. And that's just the "tip of the iceberg," he says.

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2. Using byproducts from agricultural and food production to create sustainable feed for livestock19:40[-/+]

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Imagine if agricultural and food byproducts could be transformed into an effective and holistic feed for livestock while also helping to combat climate change. Milad Parchami, Ph.D. in Resource Recovery at the University of Boras in Sweden, explored a promising way to do just that in his doctoral thesis.

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3. Metals and hormone-disrupting substances threaten sustainable agriculture, water management19:30[-/+]

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Metals and hormone-disrupting substances such as estrogens present a genuine risk to the sustainability of agriculture and water management in Europe. This is the conclusion of doctoral research conducted by Chinese environmental scientist Yuwei Jia at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB). Her research provides new insights into the distribution, availability, and risks associated with these pollutants, while also highlighting shortcomings in current regulations.

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4. Natural enzyme capable of cleaving cellulose could transform biofuel production19:07[-/+]

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The deconstruction of cellulose is essential for the conversion of biomass into fuels and chemicals. But cellulose, the most abundant renewable polymer on the planet, is extremely recalcitrant to biological depolymerization. Although composed entirely of glucose units, its crystalline microfibrillar structure and association with lignin and hemicelluloses in plant cell walls make it highly resistant to degradation.

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5. First fossil evidence of endangered tropical tree discovered18:52[-/+]

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For the first time, scientists have discovered fossil evidence of an endangered, living tropical tree species. The unprecedented find was made in Brunei, a country on the large island of Borneo, and reveals a critical piece of the ancient history of Asia's rainforests, highlighting the urgent need for conservation in the region, according to researchers at Penn State who led the discovery.

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6. Study reveals 'supply and demand' constraints on body's protein-making ability18:47[-/+]

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"Supply and demand" constraints limit the body's ability to produce the various proteins needed for critical life functions, according to a new study.

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7. Bacterium produces 'organic dishwashing liquid' to degrade oil18:41[-/+]

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The marine bacterium Alcanivorax borkumensis feeds on oil, multiplying rapidly in the wake of oil spills, and thereby accelerating the elimination of pollution, in many cases. It does this by producing an "organic dishwashing liquid" which it uses to attach itself to oil droplets.

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8. Cell's protein cleanup fails when crucial enzyme is blocked, study finds18:22[-/+]

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In neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's, proteins accumulate in the body's cells, fold incorrectly and clump together to form larger aggregates.

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9. Five insights about birds in San Francisco's community gardens18:08[-/+]

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A community garden in the heart of a city can be an oasis—an island of greenery where people can escape the sounds of traffic, sink their hands into the earth, and connect with the natural world. These spaces can be especially important in lower-income neighborhoods, where historical and ongoing discrimination means people have less access to greenspace and all its benefits: nature's mental health benefits and urban nature in particular.

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10. Wasp mothers have remarkable memory when it comes to feeding their young18:00[-/+]

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Digger wasps make a short burrow for each egg, stocking it with food and returning a few days later to provide more. A new study reveals that mother wasps can remember the locations of up to nine separate nests at once, rarely making mistakes, despite the fact nests are dug in bare sand containing hundreds belonging to other females.

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11. Chimpanzee groups drum with distinct rhythms, research finds18:00[-/+]

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New research from a team of cognitive scientists and evolutionary biologists finds that chimpanzees drum rhythmically, using regular spacing between drum hits. Their results, published in Current Biology, show that eastern and western chimpanzees—two distinct subspecies—drum with distinguishable rhythms.

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12. Internal clocks determine the ups and downs of Antarctic krill17:58[-/+]

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Antarctic krill not only react to external environmental influences such as light or food. They also use their internal clocks to adapt to the extreme conditions of the polar environment.

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13. Vanishing vultures could have hidden costs for the planet16:26[-/+]

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Falling vulture numbers in the Americas could have serious implications for public health and ecosystems, new research has found.

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14. Generalist pests cause more damage, specialists kill more trees: Classifying pests by tree damage and mortality11:43[-/+]

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A study in the journal Forests highlights the critical need for understanding and managing nonnative forest specialist and generalist pests.

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15. North Korea's illegal wildlife trade threatens endangered species, study finds02:10[-/+]

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The North Korean government engages in unsustainable and illegal wildlife trade, which includes species protected under its own laws and poses a threat to biodiversity recovery in the region, finds a new study by UCL researchers.

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16. Amid a drastic decline in endangered primates, researchers call for conservation measuresЧт, 08 мая[-/+]

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An international team of primate researchers has published the 25 most endangered primate species in Asia, Africa, Madagascar and South America for the years 2023 to 2025. The publication emphasizes how urgently global conservation measures need to be implemented now to save irreplaceable biodiversity.

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17. Scientists solve 500-million-year fossil mysteryЧт, 08 мая[-/+]

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A peculiar spiny fossil, once thought to represent one of the earliest mollusks, has now been conclusively reclassified by scientists from Durham University and Yunnan University as something entirely different—a distant relative of sponge-like creatures known as chancelloriids.

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18. Grooming brushes help feedlot cattle stay calmer and more sociable, study findsЧт, 08 мая[-/+]

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Feedlot cattle with access to grooming brushes are generally more content, sociable and have less stress, according to recent research out of Murdoch University's Center for Animal Production and Health.

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19. Selfish gene that skews sex ratio in fruit flies has unique self-limiting mechanismЧт, 08 мая[-/+]

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When a species reproduces, typically, each parent passes on one of their two versions (alleles) of a given gene to their offspring. But not all alleles play fair in their quest to be passed onto future generations.

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20. Slow-growing bacteria respond more sensitively to their environmentЧт, 08 мая[-/+]

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Researchers led by Professor Erik van Nimwegen at the Biozentrum, University of Basel, have discovered a new mechanism in bacteria that controls their response to prevailing environmental conditions. They derived their theory from a simple yet interesting observation: The growth rate of bacteria and their sensitivity to signaling molecules seem to be related.

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21. Previously unknown accordion worm discovered off the coasts of SpainЧт, 08 мая[-/+]

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What lives off the Northwest coasts of Spain and shrinks to one-fifth of its size when alarmed? Enter the accordion worm. This recently identified marine ribbon worm, colored brown to dark green, measures 110–250 mm long and 3–4 mm wide in its unbothered state and can expand and contract its body to form regular dark-colored ring-like folds, much like the bellows of its namesake musical instrument.

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22. Elk could return to UK after 3,000 years as plan wins fundingЧт, 08 мая[-/+]

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Elk could roam the English countryside for the first time in 3,000 years after funding was approved to explore plans for their eventual reintroduction into the wild.

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23. Humans are killing helpful insects in hundreds of ways. Simple steps can reduce the harmЧт, 08 мая[-/+]

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Insects are all around us—an ant on the sidewalk, a bee buzzing by, a butterfly floating on the breeze—and they shape the world we experience. They pollinate flowering plants, decompose waste, control pests, and are critical links in food chains.

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24. Refrigeration systems in small fishing boats reduce food waste and provide better catch conditionsЧт, 08 мая[-/+]

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Small fishing boats make up 80% of the 5,600 fishing vessels in Norway. They deliver 11% of the country's total catch of cod, in addition to a significant proportion of crab and other whitefish.

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25. Just 30 tree species dominate world's most diverse savannaЧт, 08 мая[-/+]

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Scientists have found that a mere 30 species of trees in the Cerrado—the world's largest and most floristically diverse savanna—account for nearly half of all its trees.

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26. Cultural burning by Indigenous peoples increased oak in forests near settlements, study suggestsЧт, 08 мая[-/+]

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A debate continues among scientists over whether tree composition in forests in eastern North America historically have been influenced more by climate or by cultural burning, which is the intentional and controlled use of fire by Indigenous people to manage their environment.

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27. Costly catch: Study reveals the alarming cost of tuna fishing devices on global ocean lifeЧт, 08 мая[-/+]

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They are large rafts that drift thousands of kilometers across the ocean surface, moving with the currents in an otherwise featureless marine environment. Tracked by satellites, the rudimentary floats—which may also be outfitted with long, submerged tails of netting—are used to attract schools of fish that can be scooped up by industrial tuna fishing vessels.

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28. Imaging technique tracks individual bacterial cells as they leave their biofilm communityЧт, 08 мая[-/+]

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An innovative imaging technique developed at Carnegie Mellon University reveals single bacterial cells leaving their biofilm community. Watching the bacteria in real-time at high resolution affords unprecedented views that advance the understanding of how single cells in biofilms move and how biofilms disperse.

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29. Explosive evolution: Study reveals rapid diversification of coral-reef fishesЧт, 08 мая[-/+]

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The biodiversity of Earth's oceans is disproportionately concentrated in coral reefs—the vibrant undersea ecosystems where thousands of known marine species reside.

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30. Potent molecule targets chlamydia bacteria while sparing beneficial microbesЧт, 08 мая[-/+]

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Researchers at Umea University, Sweden, and Michigan State University, U.S., have discovered a type of molecule that can kill chlamydia bacteria, but spare bacteria that are important for health. The discovery opens the door for further research toward developing new antibiotics against chlamydia, the world's most common bacterial sexually transmitted disease, with 130 million cases a year.

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