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Read the latest science news from Phys.org on biology, evolution, microbiology, biotechnology

 
 
1. A systematic review of three key sugar metabolism proteins: HXK, SnRK1 and TORЧт, 25 апр[-/+]
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Sugar signaling is one of the most important regulatory signals for plant growth and development, and its metabolic network contains many regulatory factors. Sugar signaling molecules regulate cellular activities and organismal development by interacting with other intrinsic regulators and environmental cues. HXK, SnRK1 and TOR are three proteins that play key roles in the plant sugar metabolism network.

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2. Researchers systematically investigate efficacy of CRISPR antimicrobial agentsЧт, 25 апр[-/+]
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The antimicrobial potential of CRISPR-Cas systems is promising, yet how to best design or implement CRISPR nucleases remains poorly understood. An international team led by the Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI) in Wurzburg has now addressed this knowledge gap.

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3. Scientists use 'leaf glow' to understand changing climateЧт, 25 апр[-/+]
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New University of Minnesota research suggests "leaf glow" provides vital information on vegetation dynamics in Arctic and boreal ecosystems like Minnesota's forests and wetlands, which are among the fastest warming in the world. Using remote sensing to monitor the natural glow may help scientists better track climate change and its impact on our natural resources.

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4. Molecular mechanism of CmoDREB2A and CmoNAC1 in pumpkin regulating the salt tolerance of grafted cucumber revealedЧт, 25 апр[-/+]
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In February 2024, a research article titled "Pumpkin CmoDREB2A enhances salt tolerance of grafted cucumber through interaction with CmoNAC1 to regulate H2O2 and ABA signaling and K+/Na+ homeostasis" was published by Professor Zhilong Bie's team from the National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops/College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences at Huazhong Agricultural University and the Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, in Horticulture Research.

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5. New dataset sheds light on relationship of far-red sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence to canopy-level photosynthesisЧт, 25 апр[-/+]
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In recent years, the scientific community has increasingly turned its attention to sustainable agriculture, aiming to maximize crop yield while minimizing environmental impact. A crucial aspect of this research involves understanding the fundamental processes of plant photosynthesis and how they can be monitored at scale.

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6. International dairy science collaboration paves the way for tomorrow's resilient dairy herdsЧт, 25 апр[-/+]
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In a new Journal of Dairy Science study, researchers have increased the quantity and quality of the available data on genetic traits related to feed efficiency and methane emissions

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7. First-of-its-kind study shows that conservation actions are effective at halting and reversing biodiversity lossЧт, 25 апр[-/+]
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A study published April 25, in the journal Science provides the strongest evidence to date that not only is nature conservation successful, but that scaling conservation interventions up would be transformational for halting and reversing biodiversity loss—a crisis that can lead to ecosystem collapses and a planet less able to support life—and reducing the effects of climate change.

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8. Climate change could become the main driver of biodiversity decline by mid-century, analysis suggestsЧт, 25 апр[-/+]
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Global biodiversity has declined between 2% and 11% during the 20th century due to land-use change alone, according to a large multi-model study published in Science. Projections show climate change could become the main driver of biodiversity decline by the mid-21st century.

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9. Barley plants fine-tune their root microbial communities through sugary secretionsЧт, 25 апр[-/+]
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Different types of barley recruit distinct communities of soil microbes to grow around their roots by releasing a custom mix of sugars and other compounds, according to a new study led by Jacob Malone of the John Innes Center, UK, published in the open-access journal PLOS Biology.

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10. Yeast study offers possible answer to why some species are generalists and others specialistsЧт, 25 апр[-/+]
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In a landmark study based on one of the most comprehensive genomic datasets ever assembled, a team led by scientists at the University of Wisconsin–Madison and Vanderbilt University offer a possible answer to one of the oldest questions about evolution: why some species are generalists and others specialists.

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11. Cichlid fishes' curiosity promotes biodiversity: How exploratory behavior aids in ecological adaptationЧт, 25 апр[-/+]
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Cichlid fishes exhibit differing degrees of curiosity. The cause for this lies in their genes, as reported by researchers from the University of Basel in the journal Science. This trait influences the cichlids' ability to adapt to new habitats.

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12. Lyme disease in dogs: What dog owners should knowЧт, 25 апр[-/+]
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As Lyme disease cases rise in the U.S., humans are not the only ones at risk. Veterinarians with the Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine say dogs are increasingly vulnerable to this tick-borne illness.

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13. Is your dog aggressive? A vet explains 'rage syndrome'Чт, 25 апр[-/+]
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Dog aggression is a condition that can hit home for pet owners, as it can be unsettling, stressful, and even dangerous, not only for the dog but also for other pets, family members, and strangers.

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14. Deer are expanding north, and that's not good for caribou: Scientists evaluate the reasons whyЧт, 25 апр[-/+]
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As the climate changes, animals are doing what they can to adapt. Researchers from UBC Okanagan—which includes partners from Biodiversity Pathways' Wildlife Science Center, the Alberta Biodiversity Monitoring Institute, the University of Alberta, and Environment and Climate Change Canada—wanted to evaluate why deer densities in the boreal forest are rapidly increasing.

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15. Examining the impact of gene-based breeding on agriculture and medicineЧт, 25 апр[-/+]
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A research team has demonstrated that gene-based breeding (GBB) offers a transformative approach to advancing plant and animal breeding, showing remarkable predictability, speed, and cost-effectiveness. The review highlights GBB's impact on improving crop and livestock genetics, while also laying the foundation for molecular precision agriculture and medicine.

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16. Advancing mei (Prunus mume) breeding: Genomic insights into ornamental and cold resistance traitsЧт, 25 апр[-/+]
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A research team has provided an overview for understanding the genetic basis of ornamental and cold resistance traits in Mei (Prunus mume), a tree valued both for its ornamental and cultural significance in China.

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17. Enhancing heat tolerance in cool-season turfgrassesЧт, 25 апр[-/+]
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A research team reviewed the physiological and morphological changes in cool-season turfgrasses under high temperature stress, alongside advances in molecular characterization of their temperature regulatory networks. They proposed methods to enhance the turfgrasses' heat tolerance and highlighted the challenges in researching heat tolerance mechanisms.

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18. Sweetpotato genetics: A comprehensive update to the 'Taizhong 6' genome annotationЧт, 25 апр[-/+]
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A research team has substantially enhanced the annotation of the sweetpotato genome "Taizhong 6," introducing a more comprehensive and detailed version, v1.0.a2. This update utilizes 12 Nanopore full-length RNA libraries and 190 Illumina RNA-seq libraries, resulting in the identification of 360 new genes, modification or addition of 31,771 gene models, and refined gene nomenclature.

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19. Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy models unravel cell wall composition and nutritional quality in buffel grassЧт, 25 апр[-/+]
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A research team developed Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy-based partial least squares regression (PLSR) models to assess Cenchrus spp (buffel grass) accessions, discovering significant correlations between cell wall composition and digestibility metrics like neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and indigestible NDF (iNDF).

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20. Study pinpoints most helpful habitat for least flycatcherЧт, 25 апр[-/+]
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A new University of Alberta study helps define the most helpful breeding habitat for the least flycatcher, a species of bird in rapid decline. The findings are published in The Wilson Journal of Ornithology.

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21. Scientists confine, study Chinook at restored Snoqualmie River habitatЧт, 25 апр[-/+]
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In newly restored river channels on the Snoqualmie, baby Chinook salmon are confined in 19 enclosures about the size of large suitcases as they munch on little crustaceans and invertebrate insects floating or swimming by.

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22. New experimental evidence unlocks a puzzle in vascular tissue engineeringЧт, 25 апр[-/+]
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Angiogenesis is a process of forming hierarchical vascular networks in living tissues. Its complexity makes the controlled generation of blood vessels in laboratory conditions a highly challenging task.

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23. Scientists replace fishmeal in aquaculture with microbial protein derived from soybean processing wastewaterЧт, 25 апр[-/+]
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Scientists from Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (NTU Singapore) and Temasek Polytechnic have successfully replaced half of the fishmeal protein in the diets of farmed Asian seabass with a "single cell protein" cultivated from microbes in soybean processing wastewater, paving the way for more sustainable fish farming practices. The findings are published in the journal Scientific Reports.

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24. Advanced cell atlas opens new doors in biomedical researchЧт, 25 апр[-/+]
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Researchers at Karolinska Institutet have developed a web-based platform that offers an unprecedented view of the human body at the cellular level. The aim is to create an invaluable resource for researchers worldwide to increase knowledge about human health and disease. The study is published in Genome Biology.

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25. How worrying is bird flu's jump to dairy cows? Here's what experts sayЧт, 25 апр[-/+]
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Since 2022, a highly contagious strain of bird flu has spread across the U.S. at an unprecedented rate, resulting in the deaths of more than 90 million birds in commercial and backyard poultry flocks, plus thousands more in the wild.

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26. Scientists regenerate neural pathways in mice with cells from ratsЧт, 25 апр[-/+]
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Two independent research teams have successfully regenerated mouse brain circuits in mice using neurons grown from rat stem cells. Both studies, published April 25 in the journal Cell, offer valuable insights into how brain tissue forms and present new opportunities for restoring lost brain function due to disease and aging.

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27. Study reveals protein's key role in helping cilium transmit signals to the rest of the cellЧт, 25 апр[-/+]
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The essential role played by a protein in the functioning of cells is revealed in new work from the laboratory of Universite de Montreal medical professor Frederic Charron, holder of the Canada Research Chair in Developmental Neurobiology.

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28. Making sustainable biotechnology a reality: Joined forces aim to improve biocatalystsЧт, 25 апр[-/+]
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Everything biobased: plastic, medicine, and fuel. It seems like a futuristic utopia. But for how long? A collaboration of researchers now proposes an idea to accelerate the development process. By combining machine learning and laboratory automation, this biobased ideal may become a reality sooner rather than later.

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29. The rise of microbial cheaters in iron-limited environments: Study reveals their evolutionary historyЧт, 25 апр[-/+]
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Competition and cooperation are fundamental forces that govern the evolutionary and ecological dynamics among species. The balance between these forces varies across ecological contexts, with some environments favoring cooperative behaviors that promote mutual benefit, while others reward competitive strategies that maximize individual fitness.

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30. Nordic wolverines have the worst genetic diversity status, comprehensive Eurasian-wide study showsЧт, 25 апр[-/+]
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The Fennoscandian wolverines have the lowest genetic diversity out of all the wolverine populations in the vast Eurasian continent. The new study covers the Eurasian range of the wolverine, which has not been studied on such a large scale before. Samples were collected across a wide geographical area from Norway to eastern Russia.

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